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Ordinance No. 197i • ORDINANCE NO. 197 AN ORDINANCE PROVIDING FOR FIRE LIMITS, AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE CONSTRUCTION, ALTERATION, EQUIP ENT AND REMOVAL OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES WITHIN THE CITY LIMITS OF BAYTOWN, TEXAS; REPEALING ORDINANCES INCONSISTENT HEREWITH; CONTAINING A SAVINGS CLAUSE; PROVIDING FOR A PENALTY AND THE EFFECTIVE DATE HEREOF. BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF BAYTOWN: SECTION l: Scope. No building or structure shall hereafter be constructed, altered or removed, nor shall the equipment for the operation of a building, structure or premises be constructed, installed, altered or removed, except in conformity with the provisions of this ordinance. • SECTION 2: Outside-Fire Limit-Area or zone No. 1 and Fire Limit Area or. Zone No. 2s one family dwellings and one and two apartment dwellings, used exclusively for residences, are hereby exempted from this ordinance and its provisions except as follows: No frame residential building or garage may be built less than five (5) feet from a side or rear property line with these exceptions: (1) If at least a ten foot (107) easement has been granted in a rear or side property lines this restriction shall not apply to the property line adjacent thereto. (2) A garage located not less than ten feet (109) from a residence may, be located not less than two feet (29) from a side or rear property line. (3) If residence and garage are attached so as to be one building, the unit thus considered must be not less than five feet (51) from rear or side property line. (4) All separate frame buildings located on the same property which are used as residential property must be not less than ten (109) feet apart. SECTION 3: Fire Limits, of the City of Baytown. The fire limits of'the City of Baytown shall be fire limit area or zone no. 1 and fire limit area or zone no. 2 as defined in that certain Ordinance No. 71 adopted by the City Council on the 19th day off' January, 19509 including all amendments thereto. SECTION 1t: Building Official. 1. Appointment. (a) The office of building official is hereby created and such official shall be appointed by the City Manager, -1- (b) During temporary absence or disability of the building official, the City Manager shall designate an acting building official. 2. Duties. It shall be the duty of the building official to enforce all laws relating to the construction, alteration, removal and demolition of buildings and structures. SECTION 5: Permits; Inspections and Posting of hive Loads. (a) No building or structure shall hereafter be built, enlarged, altered or moved without a permit from the building official, who shall require a plan of the proposed work, together with a statement of the materials to be used. (b) The building official shall inspect all buildings or structures during con- - 40 struction to see that the provisions of this ordinance are complied with and that con- struction is prosecuted safely. Whenever in his opinion, by reason of defective or illegal work in violation of a provision of this ordinance the continuance of a building operation is contrary to public welfare, he shall order all further work to be stopped and may require suspension of work until the condition in violation has been remedied. (c) The live load for which each floor, or part of a floor, of a business building or storage building is designed and approved shall be conspicuously posted in that part of the story to which it applies. (d) Any person, firm or corporation to whom a building permit is issued, before said permit is issued, shall pay to the City of Baytown as a building permit fee the sum of One ($1.00) Dollar for each One Thousand ($1,000) Dollars worth of improvements, or portion thereof, to be constructed under the terms of the permit; provided, however, that any institutions that are exempt from City taxes shall, upon application, have any and all such fees refunded. SECTION 6: Unsafe Buildings. A building or'structure declared unsafe by duly constituted authority set up by a municipality may be restored to safe condition; provided that if the damage or cost of reconstruction or restoration is in excess of 50% of the value of the building or structure, exclusive of foundations, such-building or structure, if.reconstructed or restored, shall be made to conform with respect to materials and type of construction, to the requirements for buildings and structures hereafter erected; but no change of use or occupancy shall be compelled by reason of such. reconstruction or restoration. -2- • The term unsafe building shall include buildings structurally unsafe, unstable or unsanitary; inadequately provided with exit facilities, constituting a hazard to health or safety because of inadequate maintenance, dilapidation, obsolescense or abandonment; or otherwise dangerous to life or property. SECTION 7: Definitions. Alteration, as applied to a building or structure, means a change or rearrangement in the structural parts or in the exit facilities; or an enlargement, whether by extending on a side or by increasing in height; or the moving from one location or position to another; the term 11alterR in its various moods and tenses and its participial forms, refers to the making of an alteration. • Amusement device means a mechanically operated device which is used to convey persons in any direction as a form of amusement. Apartment means a room, or a suite of two or more rooms, in a residence building occupied as the home or residence of an individual, family or household. Approved, as applied to a material, device or mode of construction, means approved by the building official under the provisicn3 of thiS ordinance. Area, as applied to the dimensions of a building, means the maximum horizontal projected area of the building at grade. 1 Automatic fire alarm system means a system which automatically detects a fire condition and actuates a fire alarm signal device. Basement means a story with floor level 2 feet or more below finished grade. iBrick means a solid masonry unit having a shape approximating a rectangular prism, not larger than 12 by 4 by 4 inches. A brick may be made of burned clay or shale, of lime and sand, of cement and suitable aggregated, or of fire clay or other approved materials. Building means a combination of materials to form a construction that is safe and stable, and adapted to permanent or continuous occupancy for public, institutional, residence, business or storage purposes; the term "building" shall be construed as if followed by the words "or part thereof." For the purposes of this ordinance, each portion of a building separated from other portions by a fire wall shall be considered as a separate building. • Building official means the officer or duly designated authority charged with the administration and enforcement of this ordinance, or his duly authorized representative. . 1 -3- • Corporation Counsel means the City Attorney of the City of Baytown. Dwelling means a building occupied exclusively for residence purposes and having not more than two apartnents, or as a boarding or rooming house serving not more than 15 persons with means or sleeping accommodations or both. Fire resistance rating means the time in hours that the material or construction will withstand exposure to fire. Fire retardant ceiling means a ceiling construction which has been proved by test as satisfactory for use as ceiling protection for a floor or roof construction which has 'a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour. Fire retardant treated lumber means lumber which has been treated by a pressure impregnation process to give a flame spread classification of 50 or less according to the method for the "Fire Hazard Classification of Building Materials" of Under — writerst laboratories, Inc., and which is shown to be so classified by a certificate or label issued by Underwriters' laboratories. Garage means a building, shed or enclosure, or a part thereof, in which a motor vehicle containing a flammable fluid in its fuel storage tank, is stored, housed, kept or repaired. Grade, with reference to a building, means, when the curb level has been established, the mean elevation of the curb level opposite those walls that are located on, or parallel with and within 15 feet of, street lines; or, when the curb level has not been established or all the walls of the building are more than 15 feet from street • lines, "grade'r means the mean elevation of the ground adjoining the building on all sides. Habitable room means a room occupied by one or more persons for living, eating or sleeping; and includes kitchens, serving apartments or individual households, but does not include bathrooms, toilet compartments, laundries, serving and storage pantries, corridors, basements and other spaces that are not used frequently or during extended periods. Height as applied to a building, means the vertical distance from grade to the highest finished roof surface in the case of flat roofs, or to a point at the average height of roofs having a pitch of more than one foot in 42 feet; ' theight" of a building in stories does not include basements, except that in school buildings of ordinarq • noncombustible or wood frame construction, the Basement shall be deemed a story when _4_ 0 iused for purposes other than storage or heating. 0 Height, as applied to a wall, means the vertical distance to the top measured from the foundation wall, or from a girder or other immediate support of such wall Hollow masonry unit means a masonry unit whose net cross - sectional area in any plane parallel to the.bearing surface is less than 75% of its gross cross - sectional area measured in the same plane. Lot means a portion of parcel of land considered as a unit, devoted to a certain use or occupied by a building or a group of buildings that are united by a common interest or use, and the customary accessories and open spaces belonging to the Lot line means a line dividing one lot from another, or from a street or otter • public space. Masonry means brick, stone, plain concrete, hollow block, solid block or othez similar building units or materials, or combinations of them, bonded together with mortar. Reinforced concrete is not classed as masonry. Multifamily house means 'a building occupied as the home or residence of individuals, families or households living independently of each other., of which three or more are doing cooking within their apartments; including tenement house, apartment house, flat. "Municipality means the City of Baytown. Place of assembly means a room or space in which provision is made for the seating of one hundred or more persons for religious, recreational, educational, political, social or amusement purposes or for the consumption of food or drink. Such room or space shall include any occupied connecting room or space in the same story, or in a story or stories above or below, where entrance is common to the rooms or spaces.. Prefabricated means composed of sections or panels fabricated prior to erection on the building foundation. Shaft means a vertical opening or passage through two or more floors of a' building or through floors and roof. Solid masonry means masonry consisting of solid masonry units laid contiguously with the joints between the units filled with mortar, or consisting of plain concrete. Solid masonry unit means a masonry unit whose net cross - sectional area in every plane parallel to the bearing surface is 75% or more of its gross cross - sectional area measured in the same plane. -5- • Sprinklered means equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system properly maintained. Street means any public thoroughfare, street, avenue, boulevard, park, lane, terrace, concourse or space 20 feet or more in width which has been dedicated or deeded to the public for public use. Walls: bearing wall means a wall which supports any vertical load in addition to its own weight; cavity wall means a wall built of masonry units or of plain concrete, or a com- bination of these materials, so arranged as to provide an air space within the and in which the inner and outer parts of the wall are tied together with metal faced wall means a wall in which the masonry facing and backing are so bonder; Li' to exert common action under load; fire partition means a partition constructed in accordance with section 25, fur the purpose of restricting the spread of fire or to provide an area of refuge, ?)ut . not necessarily continuous through all stories nor extended through the fire wall means a wall constructed in accordance with section 23, for the purpose of subdividing a building or separating buildings to restrict the spread of fire and which starts at the foundation and extends continuously through all stories to and above the roof, except where the roof is fireproof or semifireproof and the wall is carried up tightly against the under side of the roof slab. • foundation wall means a wall below the first floor extending below the adjacent ground level and serving as support for a wall, pier, column or other structural part of a building. hollow wall`of masonry means a wall built of masonry units so arranged as to provide an air space within the wall, and in which the inner and outer parts of the wall are bonded together with masonry units; non - bearing wall means a wall which supports no load other than its own weight; panel wall means a non - bearing wall built between columns or piers and wholly supported at each story. party wall means a wall used or adapted for joint service between two buildings; • veneered wall means a wall having a facing which is not attached and bonded to the backing so as to form an integral part of the wall for purposes of-loading bearing and stability. SECTION 8: Classification of Occupancies. 1. Classes designated. For the purpose of this ordinance, buildings are classified, with respect to occupancy and use, as public buildings, institutional buildings, residence buildings, business buildings and storage building. (a) Public building means a building in which persons congregate for civic, political, educational, religious, social or recreational purposes; including among others, armories, assembly halls, auditoriums, bath houses, bowling alleys, churches, city halls,, club-. rooms, colleges, court houses, dance halls, exhibition buildings, grandstands, gymnasiums, lecture halls, libraries, lodge rooms, motion picture theaters museums , passenger stations, recreation piers, restaurants, schools, skating rinks, • stadiums and theaters. (b) Institutional building means a building in which-persons-are harbored - to receive medical, charitable or other care or treatment, or in which persons are held or detained by reason of public or civic duty, or for correctional purposes; including among others, asylums_, hcines for the aged, hospitals, houses of correction, infirmaries, jails, nurseries, orphanages, penal institutions, reformatories and sanitariums. (c) Residence building, except when classed as an institutional building, means a building in which sleeping accommodations are provided; including among others, apartments, club houses, convents, dormitories, dwellings, hotels, lodging houses, multi- family houses, studios and tenements. (d) Business building means a building occupied for the transaction of business, for the rendering of professional services, for the display or'sale of goods, wares or merchandise, or for the performance of wor4� or labor; including among others, bakeries, banks, barber shops, chemical laboratories, creameries, electric substations, factories, gasoline service stations, ice plants, laboratories, laundries,-markets) office buildings, open air stores, power plants, radio stations, smoke houses, stores, telephone exchanges, television stations and work shops. (e) Storage building means a building for the housing, except for purely display purposes, of airplanes, automobiles, railway cars or other vehicles of trans- portation, for the sheltering of horses, live stock or other animals, or exclusively • for the storage of goods, wares or merchandise, not excluding in any case offices _7_ E • • incidental to such uses; including among other, barns, cold storage, freight depots, garages, gasoline bulk stations, grain elevators, hangars and storage warehouses. 2, Mixed occupancy. Where a minor portion of a building is used for office, study, studio or other similar purpose, the building shall be classified as to occupancy on the basis of the major use. In other cases where a building is occupied for two or more purposes not included in one class, the provisions of this code applying to each class of occupancy shall apply to such parts of the building as come within that class; and if there should be conflicting provisions, the require- ments securing the greater safety shall apply. 3. Doubtful classification, In case a building is not specifically provided for, or where there is any uncertainty as to its classification, its status shall be • fined by a duly promulgated rule giving due regard to safety. SEECTION 9: Classification of Construction. 1. Types designated. For the purpose of this ordinance, construction as used in buildings shall be classified as follows: (a) Fireproof Construction (b) Semifireproof Construction (c) Heavy Timber Construction (d) Ordinary Construction (e) Noncombustible Construction (f) Wood Frame Construction (g) Unprotected Metal Construction SECTION 10: Restrictions on Construction within the Fire. Limits. 1. General restrictions. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 5 of this isection, no building or structure of wood frame construction or of unprotected metal construction shall be erected within the limits established by ordinance as the Fire Limits Nos. 1 and 2. 2. Alterations. (a) Within the fire limits no building or structure of wood frame con- struction or of unprotected metal construction shall be hereafter increased in height. (b) 'Within the fire limits no building or structure of wood frame construction or of unprotected metal construction shall be hereafter extended on any side; unless the construction of such extension conforms to the requirements of this ordinance for new construction. (c) Within the fire limits no other building or structure shall be hereafter • extended on any side by wood frame construction or unprotected metal construction. IM. • (d) Nothing in this section shall prohibit other alterations within the fire limits; provided there is no change of occupancy to a class of occupancy otherwise prohibited. 3. Moving buildings. No building of wood frame construction or unprotected metal construction shall hereafter be moved from without to within the fire limits or within the fire limits. 4. Doubtful location. A building or structure shall be deemed to be within the fire limits if one -third or more of the area of such building or structure is located therein. 5. Exceptions. Nothing in this section shall prohibit within the fire limits and subject to the specified limitations, the erection of new buildings or structures, nor • the extension or enlargement of heretofore erected buildings or structures, of wood frame construction or unprotected metal construction, as follows: (a) A building of wood frame construction or of unprotected metal construction occupied exclusively as a private garage or stable, not more than one story in height nor more than 500 square feet in area, located on the same lot with a dwelling; provided that such building shall be placed at least 3 feet from the lot lines of adjoining property. (b) Greenhouses not more than 15 feet in height erected on the same lot with an accessory to a dwelling or a store. (c) Builders' shanties for use only in connection with a duly authorized building operation and located on the same lot with such building operation, on a lot immediately adjoining, on an upper floor of the building under construction, or on a sidewalk shed. (d) Piazzas or balconies on dwellings, not exceeding 10 feet in width nor extending more than 3 feet above the second story floor beams; provided that no such structure shall be located nearer than 3 feet to an adjoining lot line or be • joined'to a similar structure of another building. (e) Fences not exceeding 10 feet in height. (f) Display signs as provided in section 12 -8. SECTION 11: Special Occupancy Requirements for New Construction. .1. Institutional buildings. (a) Institutional buildings for occupants involuntarily detained or bed- ridden shall be of fireproof construction or semifireproof construction. (b) Institutional buildings for occupants which are not involuntarily detained or bedridden, when of other than fireproof construction or semifireproof construction, shall not exceed 2 stories in height and shall have floors and partitions with fire resistance ratings of not less than one hour and with fire retardant ceilings under roofs, and if of wood frame construction shall not exceed 1 story in height • nor 2500 square feet in area; provided that-buildings converted -9- • •from another occupancy to such occupancy shall be exempt from these restrictions if sprinklered. 2. Theatres and motion picture theatres. (a) Theatres and motion picture theatres shall be of fireproof construction or semifireproof construction, except that portions of such buildings not over one story or over 45 feet in height may have combustible roof construction if protected by fire retardant ceilings. (b) No theatre or motion picture theatre shall be located within or attached to a building of other occupancy unless it is separated from such other occupancies by walls and floors of noncombustible construction having fire resistance ratings of '•_• less than 3 hours.. 3. Schools, colleges, assembly halls, dance halls, bowling alleys, and auditor- lum�z, over one story in height, shall have floors of not less than one hour fire resistance. 4. Wall and ceiling finish. In public buildings and institutional buildings, and in all places of assembly and exit ways therefrom, no combustible material shall be used as interior wall or ceiling finish which is of such a nature that flame will spread over its surface more rapidly than over one -inch wood boards covered with ordinary paint or varnish. 5. Business and residence separation. In buildings of other than fireproof of semifireproof construction portions classified as of business occupancy shall be separated from portions classified as of residence occupancy by partitions having a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour and by fire retardant ceilings, • unless the business portion is sprinklered. 6. Separation of dwellings. Wall or partitions separating 2 or more dwellings of other than fireproof or semifireproof construction shall consist of a form of construction having a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour. 7. Partitions in multifamily houses. In multifamily houses partitions separating apartments or apartments from hallways or apartments from other occupancies and partitions separating stores from hallways or other occupancies shall have a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour, with openings equipped with approved fire doors or with substantial metal or metal covered doors or solid wooden doors of the flush type of nominal thickness not less than 1 3/4 inch. SECTION 12: Height Restrictions. 1. New buildings. Except as may be otherwise provided in subsection 8 of this -10- B . I • section, no building hereafter erected shall exceed in height the limits fixed in this section. 2. Alterations. No building shall hereafter be altered so as to exceed the limits of height fixed by this section. 3. Public buildings. For public buildings semifireproof construction shall not exceed 75 feet, except that public buildings which have an occupancy of less than 100 persons above the 75 -foot level may be unlimited in height; heavy timber construction, 4 stories nor 55 feet; ordinary construction and non - combustible construction 3 stories nor 35 feet, except that churches of such construction may be 45 feet but not more than 2 stories, and that schools of such construction shall be not more than 2 stories. 4. Institutional buildings. For institutional buildings semifireproof construction • shall not exceed 75 feet; ordinary construction, heavy timber construction and non- combustible construction shall not exceed 2 stories nor 35 feet. 5. Residence buildings. For residence buildings, heavy timber construction shall not exceed 75 feet; ordinary construction and non - combustible construction shall not exceed 3 stories nor 45 feet; provided that when the floors immediately over basements are of noncombustible construction having a fire resistance raising of riot less than 2 hours, ordinary construction may exceed these heights but shall not exceed 4 stories nor 55 feet; and when in addition, in multifamily houses which are subdivided by fire resistance rating of not less than one hour, ordinary construction and unprotected metal construction shall not exceed 2 stories nor 35 feet; except that dwellings other than prefabricated dwellings shall not exceed 3 stories. 6. Business buildings. For business buildings semifireproof construction and heavy timber construction shall not exceed 75 feet except that for office buildings semifireproof construction shall be unlimited; ordinary construction and noncom- bustible construction shall not exceed 4 stories nor 50 feet. 7. Storage buildings. For storage buildings semifireproof construction shall not exceed 50 feet; ordinary construction, heavy timber construction and noncombustible construction shall not exceed 22 feet; provided that in buildings which are sprinklered, semifireproof.and heavy timber construction shall not exceed 75 feet and ordinary construction and noncombustible construction shall not exceed 50 feet. 8. Exceptions. ® ?For the purpose of this section, the following appurtenances shall not be deemed _11- parts of buildings: Church spires, tanks and their supports, roof structures, chimneys, signs attached to the buildings, radio masts, water cooling towers for air conditioning or other apparatus, and parapets that do not extend more than.4 feet above the roof surface at their point of contact. SECTION 13: Area Restrictions: 1. New buildings. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 4-of this sectionp the building area permitted without suitable subdivisions by fire walls shall be limited as follows: (a) For fireproof construction and semifireproof construction, unlimited. (b) For heavy timber construction, the area of buildings shall not exceed 6,500 square feet if fronting on one street, nor 8,000 square feet on two streets, nor 10,000 square feet if fronting on three or more streets. (e) For ordinary construction, and for noncombustible construction, the area of one -story buildings shall not exceed 6,000 square feet if fronting on one street, 7,500 square feet if fronting on 2 streets, 99000 square feet if fronting on 3 stree t3 and 10,500 square feet if fronting on 4 streets; provided that outside the fire limits the area of one -story buildings of noncombustible construe ion shall riot be restricted. The permitted areas for buildings exceeding one story shall not exceed 5,000, 6,000, 7,500 and 9,000 square feet, when fronting on ones two, three and ® four streets, respectively. (d) For wood frame construction the area of buildings shall. not exceed 5,000 square feet. (e) For unprotected metal construction the area of one -story buildings is not restricted; buildings exceeding one story shall not exceed the area limits specified for noncombustible construction. 2. Street. .Under this section a street shall be deemed to include any avenue, boulevard, street, alley or land, 20 feet or greater in width, or any court, parking space or yard, with direct connection to a street, and not less than 20 feet wide. Such court, parking space or yard shall be the property of the owner of the building and shall not be enclosed or roofed over. 3. Alteration. No building shall be hereafter altered so as to exceed in area in any story the limits fixed in this section. 4. Area modification. (a) The limiting areas fixed in this section may be increased by 100% when the building is sprinklered, and by 200% when the building is sprinklered and does not exceed one story nor an average of 25 feet in height to the roof, or to a fire retard- ant ceiling through which there shall be no openings except openings into shafts or ducts, the enclosing walls of which are of construction equivalent to the ceiling. (b) Outside the fire limits the area of one -story buildings of heavy timber construction, ordinary construction and wood frame construction may be increased thirty -three and one -third (33 113 %) per cent above the areas otherwise fixed in -12- O ® when all wood structural members, incliftng columns, otherwise fixed in this sec#,}on, =; wall and partition studs" and sheating, and floor and roof constructiotl, Ai6 -.of approved �- fire retardant treated lumber as defined in Section ?o (,c)' outside -- the,- zgng-ested-- are-e:s br-t ie -citY, `men a hazardous condition ' � is not created-Ahereby, fire area pf a iiibl:ic'bi}lding9 a-`business building. or a storage building, not over two .stories "fiigh, may 'be increased in excess Of the areas fixed by bocce "of the m inipipality; provided that to in this "se the discretion- f the governing a 'batlding D --ecndbustitile --occupapcy," or involving considerable 'combustible material in its structural parts, shat `be spriik3ere'dy -and -alto- -curtain iboards or draft'stops shall bestalled as required iyy the building official. SECTION-14: deans . of 9gress. 1. Application of section. �iiilciings hereaTter erected; except dwellings, shall be rovided �ai'th ax�t'iacilit with., uirements of is' section. p - - ies . in accordance the req. � No building shall be altered so as to rediuce the niraber of capacity of exits to less than required " fpr -new"buil.dings. 2. brit way defined. (a) ; cit wags means -`the - -etit' �do-orway or `doorways, or such doorways - °tngethar with connecting- h41 -1ways or stairways, either interior or exterior, or fire @scapes;4by means­-di Which persons may proceed safely from a room or space to a street or to an open space wrb,ich pro vides safe access to a., street. ;'Exit -ways from any room may lead through other rooms of the same tgnancy. • (b) o or more separate exit ways-may4-use the same corridor or hallway; providi§d -chat' such corridor or- hallway is- enclosed�by 'and - separated from exit stairways and other "parts "' cif : the 'building, by partitions having a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour. 3. Number of occupants. (a) ­-The dimensions and capacity of exit ways shall be proportioned to --the number of persons to be, accommodated. fib) - 'When -'the niinber_ of persons to' be accommodated, by the exit may is not statdd- in -the app-Iication - -for1 a permit or is not otherwise fixed, it tall be decided "on °'tYie `basis o the gross area 6T "'the space devoted to a particular purpose and shall be • assumed to be as follows:. Occupancy Gross Area Per Person Dance hall, lodge roam, or place of assembly. . . . l5 sq. ft. mt�� 30 sq."fto -Store - --street floor acid .sales .basement 60 sq. other floors • •. • o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Space--uwed`•for''bcnuPa ?"cies--nat -i3s ted . $bova n .. .. `�IIbYiT: • . • • • • • o e o e e o 0 0 0 0' • e 150 Sq• ft. Institutional . . e o 0 0 0 0 0 o e e Residence • e • • • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 sqe ft. y Bus 1=T� s s 0 0 e 0 G 100 a q. f t. ' Storage • ... • G e 0 0 0 e o e e 300 eq. f t. 4. Number of Exits: ` (a) From rooms. Every room having an area exceeding 11000 square feet or occupied by more ti�aa 100 persons shall have at least two exit ways. (b From stories. Every story shall have at least one exit way and every } , at least. two separate exit ways(, story that exceeds 2,500 square feet in area shall have (c} Apartnents•, In multifamily houses exceeding two stories above the basement, and in every two story multifamily house having more than 6 apartments using a common exit way, every apartment that has not direct exit to a street or to a court ' on a street, shall have access to._at least one additional exit way separated from opening and independent of the primary interior stairway or. fire tower, 5. Location of exit doorways. Exit doorways shall be so located that no point in ie a floor area, room-or Space served by them is more than 100 feet dtant from an exit_ subdivided -" - a floor area is subdi doorway, measured along the line of travel; except that when -, into smaller areas, such as.roo's in,hotels, multifamily houses, and office buildings, •along an unobstructed hallway, to an exit doorway, the distance from the door of any room, hallways above the first story shall not shall be not more than 125 feet, except that soff fireproof d end more than 50 feet. Where the building i P and an exit as a dead extend beyond - - the above red construction or semifireproof construction, or the building is sprinkle , distances may be increased 50 per cents 6. Enclosures of interior stairways. (a) All interior stairways in buildings connecting two or more stories, whether required as exits or not, shall be enclosed, except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d) " (b) In unsprinklered buildings which exceed 30 feet to the floor of the topmost story, or are occupied by more;than 75 persons a "bone, or 40 persons below, the multi - family houses first story above grade, not counting those in the first story, and in -14- ® �} four stories or more is height, interior required stairways shall be enclosed With fire partitions. (c) In other buildings interior stairways shall be enclosed in partitions having a fire resistance rating of�not less.thaq one hour. In buildings of fireproof construction and semi .fireproof construction such partitions shall be noncombustible: (c) An enclosure shall not be required for: _. (1) -A °_flight of stairs from' the main entrance floor to the floor next abgve'when such stairs are not a part of a required stairw%V (2) A-flight of stairs in 4-'building of fireproof construction, sem�- fireproof consiruction,'or'a sprinklered building of heavy timber construction or. ordinary construction or noncombustible constructiox;, when such stairs connect only one story with one other story immediately above or below Jt. In such case the upper end of the stairway shall not connect to a hallway serving as an exit except through a fire door. (3) A flight of stairs from a balcony or mezzanine having an area not , eeding 25 per cent of that of the floor immediately- belcmf. (e) Openings. No openings except the necessary doorways, and windows opening to the exterior of the building, shall be permitted in a stair enclosure required by this section. Such doorways shall be equipped with approved self - closing fire doors, except -that when fire partitions are not required for the enclosure, substantial self - ® closing metal or metal covered doors or solid wooden'doors,of the flush type_of nominal thickness not less than 1 3/4 inches may be used. In school buildings; doors on openings in stair enclosures may have wired glass panels; the area of such glass in any one door shall not exceed 720 square inchesoq, 7. Width of interior stairways. The minimum unobstructed width of a stairway serving as a required exit shall'be not less than 'l inches; provided that in multifami houses and storage buildings, and in other buildings occupied by a single tenant and limited in occupancy to 40 persons, such width may be 36 inches. The width of stairs shall be measured between hand rails except where hand rails project not more than A inches into such width. • 6. Treads and risers. (a) Treads and risers of required stairs shall be so proportioned that the product of the width of tread, exclusive of nosing, and the height of riser, in inches, -i5m • inches iA she 11 be not less than 70 nor more than 75;. but risers shall not exceed 7 3/11• and treads,- exclusive.of nosing, shall be not less than 9 inches Wide, except height., in the that in schools the proportion and dimensions of the treads and risers .may, be ad " usted to.suit' the age of the pupils for which discretion of the building official, 3 ``the school is intended. `Tr eads and risers shall be of uni,forin width and height in aAY 6he story. 9. Landings. No flight of stairs .shall have a vertical. rise of more than 12 feet (a ) exce t that, in' s },aiMrrays serving: as exits in public buildings between floors or landings, p such vertical rise shall not exceed eight feeto� the width of �:• and width of landings shall be not less (b) The length - g'tairways in which they occur. 10. Handrails. (a) accept for steps in aisles, stairs shall have walls or well secured balustrades or guards on both sides. (b) Such stairs when less than 44 inches in width shall have handrails bd %at le "t one side. c Such stairs when required to tie 44 inches or more in width shall have handrails on both-sides. (d) When the required width of,a flight of stairs exceeds 88 inches, an termediat.e. handrail, continuous between landings, securely supported and terminating at • shall i the upper end in newels or standards at least 6 feet high, with ho projections, tae provided. ` $ every hallway or passage leading to a require 11. Exit hallways. The clear width of to be accommdtd each shall be not less than at the rate of 12 inches for every 100 persons ty the hallway but not less than 44-inches; provided that in multifamily houses or in 0 arsons are to be accommodated, the minimum clear width may be 36 inches. case ,less r.i$W P 12. Width of doorways: The aggregate,.clear'width of doorways serving as required exits shall be'not less than at the rate of 22 inches for every 100 persons to be shall have a accommodated. No exit doorway servinjg as an exit for more than 40 persons :y. clear width of less than 311 inches (nominal 36 -inch door). ® 13. ganging of doors.. (a) The doors of required doorways shall be so hung and arranged that When opened they will not in ark way diminish or obstruct the r fully -16- • stair,,or other mean$ of exit. (b) Doorways opening onto a street or to a court or open space communicating with a street, and seraing as a required exit way for more than 40 persons shall have the doors, including the doors of vestibules, so hung as to swing open. in the direction of exit travel; but �his-requirm nt shall•not be construed to prohibit the use of V or shipping and receiving rooms of business sliding doors in stables,.-garage$,, buildings and storage buildings. (c) All exit doors in rooms occupied by 40 or more persons and all exit doors in exit ways from places of assembly shall be hung to swing open in the direction of exit travel, (d) No exit door shall open immediately on a flight of stairs, but a landing not.less than the width of such door..-shall be the length and width of;which are provided between such door and such stairs, (e) Where the size of the: exit, doorway.',requires two doors in the same opening: the doors shall be so hung as to require no center post in the opening for the doors to close against. 14. Lighting. Required atairways9 hallways and other means of exit, including exterior open spaces -,to or through x which•eits' lead, shall be kept adequately lighted at all times that the building served thereby is occupied. SECTION 15 . Fireproof.,. Semifire. roof and Heavy" Timber- Construction. Fireproof, ® timber. construction shall conform to generally accepted good semifireproof and heavy practice. SECTION 16. Ordinary.Construction. =1. Definition. Ordinary construction, as applied to buildings, means that i 'irr -Uch exterior WaI1s and bearing wa11s are of masonry' or of reinforced concrete, arid-in which" the structural members, including columns; *floors and roof construction, .are wholitiy or_.p Y artl of- wood of smaller dimensions 'than required for heavy timber . c�zrstrnction; -or of steel--or--iron not protected as required for semifireproof con- struction. 2. Walls. ® (a) Exterior Walls and all bearing walls shall be of masonry or of reinforced concrete. (b) Exterior Walls which are withLn thrge feet of a lot line along -17� an ad joining area hi�hYi�' oi, way 'ba upon- "or, �i��i Zre- wittim - 6---feet --of vth�r building of other than fireproof or semifireproof construction on-the same lot, shall have a fire resistance rating of not less than three hours; except that where the total area of the building does not exceed one and'one;Lhalf times the allowable area for any one of the builgings considered such fire resitttance rating shall not be required. 3. Beams, girders and - joists (a) Wooden beam$ and joists, except headers and tail joi:to - and except for bearings at joints limited within the allowable stresses provided in this code, shall have bearings of at:least three inches in length. - . (b) Wooden trimmers, headers, and tail joists over 6 feet in length, unless supported on walls or girders, shall be hung in approved metal stirrups or hangers. If wooden &#ders ,aie set flush with the floor joists, the joists shall rest in approved metal stirrups or hangers. The ends a�f.',, oasts against the girders shall be securely nailed to the girders. (c) Except in'the case of pitched roofs, wooden floor and roof joists having spans in excess of eight feet shall be rigidly braced with conQkaous rows of bridging at intervals:,not exceeding eight feet. , (d) Joists shall be doubled under partitions which run over and parallel to the joists, or shall be designed for the load* (e) The ends of wooden beams and P oasts resting on masonry shall be • cut to a level of three inches:in: their depth. (f) Wooden joists, beams, and girders resting on opposite sides of a masonry wall shall be separated from one another by at least six inches of solid masonry, e (g) When a wooden girder rests on masonry an air space of one -half inch shall be provided on,the sides and end of such girder for ventilation, and each wall bearing end of-a girder shall be cut on a4evel. 4. Anchorage. , (a) All trimmers and at least one bdam or joist in every six fet t resting on masonry walls, shall be secured to such walls by approved metal anchors • attached at or near the bottom in a manner to be self - releasing. Sach end of a trimmer, beam or joist that is supported by a girder, shall be secured or tied in an approved manner to such girder or to a trimmer, beam or joist correspondingly -18m • • supported from the opposite side of such girder. Anchors and ties shall be so arranged.as to form continuous ties between opposite masonry walls. (b) Where floor or roof ,joists or beaus run parallel to masonry walls such walls shall be sectored to four or more joist's of the floor or roof construction by approved instal anchors at maximum interva3.s -of eight feet fbr dwellings and six feet in other buildings. (c) Wall plates and roof construction shall be anchored to the walla at least every sic feeto (d) Wooden-girders shall be anchored to the walls and fastened to each other with suitable steel straps placed near the bottom of the girder, • 5. Load- bearing partitions-, 40 (a) Load- bearing partitions shall be the equivalent of 2 x 4 inch studs,, nominal dimensions, spaced not to exceed 16 inches on centers with the larger dimension perpendicular to the walls All openings shall have studs doubled on each side and if more than 3 feet and 6 inches wide they shall be trussed over or shall have linter of sufficient size to carry the load, (b) Load - bearing stud partitions shall have top plates not smaller than double 2 x 4 inch,.nominal'd*ensions, and shall be set over girders or other partitions below, with the space between the ceiling and the floor above fire- stoppbd with solid two -inch, nominal thickness planer,, or with noncombugstitle material. 6. Wooden columns (a) Wooden columns in the several stories of a building, shall be set directly above one another, on top of the column below, (b) The loads on wooden corns shall be transmitted to the columns below through reinforced concrete or metal caps with brackets', or through metal caps and bases with pintle connections or other approved column connections; provided that wooden bolsters may be used to support roof girders. (c) Wooden columns shall not rest direct4-.-on floor joists. (d) Whan supported by masonry, suitable stone or metal bases shall be set between the column and the masonry. 7. Firestopping. • (a) 'When the walls ara furred, the space created by the furring shall be firestopped with noncddbtwtflble material at floors, ceilings and roofs. The m19m • firestopping shall be the full thickness of the furring and extend frdh the ceiling to the unddrside of the flooring or roof, (b) 1?)=-! Joists run pamllml to toe wall the space beWeen the wall and nearest joist shall be not less than 1 inch and shall be solidly filled with masonry or approved noncombustible material, (c) Interior stud partitions :shall be.firestopped at the floors and ceiling of each story by a 2-inch nominal dimension, wood plate, the width-of the stud, or the equivalent, (d) When sliding ddors are pocketed in partitiang5, such pockets shall be completely firestopped at tyke top, bottom and ends with noncombustible material • or with wood not less than two inches in thickhess,nominal dimension. (e) Joists. shall be firestopped at the ends and 'over supports for the full depth of the joists• -with noncombustible material or with wood not less than two inches in thickness, nominal dimension, (f) No firesto' ing shall be covered or concealed until inspected by the building official, 80" `''$ay windows :and :show window a -Bay windows and show windows that extend beyond erior wxalls:shall be constructed of noncombustible materials; except that ghgw windows that do not extend above the second story floor level and bay windows W dwellings may be constructed of woods when such bay windows of wood are more than ten feet in width they shall be covered on the exterior surface with metal or other • approved noncombustible weatherproof materials, 9. Mansard roofs, Mansard or other slanting-roofs having a pitch of more than 604 from the horizontal, hereafter placed on a building over 40 feet in height, shall be of fireproof construction or semifireproof construction, 100 Draft stops in attic spaces. Attic spaces -shall be- divided into aread'. of 3,000 square feet or less by tight draft stops; these shall be of two thicknesses of one -inch lumber with Joints broken or the equivalent, with access doors of similar CQnstruction, SECTION 17. Noncombustible Construction. to Definition, Noncombustible construction, as applied to buildings, • means that in 'which all structural members, including floors, roofs and their supportas, are of steel, iron, concrete, or of other noncombustible materials, and *,.w % ich•:the- exterior walls are of nonzombustibl& construction having a fire resistance -20- rating of not less than two hours o 20 Walls, Exterior enclosure walls shall provide a durable and stable weatherproof exterior, 3, structural members. All structural members shall be of steel9 irony reinforced concrete, or of other,approved noncombustible materialso 4, Partitions. (a) If combustible material enters into the construction of parti- tions., they shall be built to have a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour; but this shall not prohibit the use of wooden doors9 door casings9 fr•amssp Jambs and buck s9 window and transom frames and.casings9 unless the partitions arm required to be fire partitions° (b) Nothing in this section shall prevent the - erection of }etporary partitions of wood and glass or of metal and glass within the rooms Or spaces occupied by a single tenant, (c) All permanent partitions shall rest on noncombustible materials. sEcTioN 182 Wood Frame Construction. .le Definition. Mood frame construction, as applied to buildings9 means that in which walls and interior construction are wholly or partly . of woods 20 Walls° (a) Framing for exterior walls shall be constructed to develop a strength and rigidity equivalent to wooden studding, not less than 2 x 4.inches9 inominal dimensions, spaced 16 inches on centers with the larger dimension perpendicular to the mall, and braced with sheathing or diagonal bracing,at the corners to secure the necessary rigidity; except that in one -story buildings studs not over 10 feet in length may be spaced not to exceed 24 inches on centers, (b) In buildings except private garages, an exterior wall which is lesm than 3 feet distant from the lot line along an adjoining area which is or may be built upon shall be of noncombustible construction having a fire resistance rating of not less than two hours; except that the material of the weather surface may be similar to that of other exterior walls of the building* (c) An exterior wall which is less than six feet distant from the wall • of another building of wood frame construction on the same lot, shall be of nonm combustible construction having a fire resistance rating of not less than two hours; P2.10 • except that the material of the weather surface may be similar to that of other exterior walls of the building; and except that When the aggregate area of the two buildings does not exceed one and one -half times the limiting area fixed by this code for either building, such fire resistance rating shall not be required. ls. Anchorage. (a) In all buildings 20 feet or more in width where joists run at right angles to the rafters, the rafters shall be tied to the ceiling joists with wood or metal ties nailed to the foot of alternate raf tors and extending across four joists well nailed to each joist, (b) All joists shall be well lapped and nai -140 across the building to form ties between outside walls-, 5. Beams; girders and joists shall conform to the requirements of section 16-39 .paragraphs (e) to (d) inclusive. lWhere.ledger or ribbon boards are used to support joists, such boards shall be not less than 1 xis inch, nominal dimensiona9 shall be out out into the studs and securely nailed with not less than two temporary nails to each stud, and the joists shall be spiked-to the studs. 6. Load - bearing partitions shall,conform to the requirements of section 16 -5. 7. Wooden columns shall conform to the requirements of section 16 -6. B. Firestopping.. (a) -Exterior walls of wood . frame construction shall be properly-fire- iii' stopped at each floor level., at the'top story'cs. g levels at the roof level in the case of flat roofs, and at the foot of roof rlaf tern in the case of sloping roofs. (b) -y Joists shall be firestopped At the ends and over supports for the full depth of the joists. (c) Interior stud partitions shall be firestopped at the floor and ceiling of each story by a trio -inch, nominal dimension, wood plate,, the width of the stud, or the equiValent. (d) When sliding doors are pocketed 1� partitions, such pockets shall be completely firestopped at.tI* top, bottom and ends, (e) Firestooingoshall be of noncombustible material or of wood not less than two inches in thicknees, nominal dimension. No firestopping shall be ® covered or concealed until inspected by the building official. 9. Draft stops i, at spaces. Draft stops shall be provided in attic spaces as required by Section 160-100• - SEcTim 19. Un -2t►eated Metal Contraction. Unprotected metal construction as P22m • applied to buildings,, means that in which the structural supports are ur:protected metal and in which floors and roofs are of noncombustible conetructionp and the exterior walls are of noncombustible construction having a fire resistance ratting of less than two hours, SECTION 20. Wbrkmanship and Materials. All building materials shall be of good quality. Workmanship in the fabrication9 preparation and installation of materials shall conform to generally. accepted good practice. SECTION 21, Ma!nnryo 1, Construction, (a) Except when carried independenti,, by girders at each floor,, no wall • shaall be built up more than 25 feet in height ih advance of other walls of the building, (b) Masonry walls . that meet or intersect'sh4li be adequately bonded or anchored. Piers having less than fou4r square feet of cross- sactional area when located at an intersection with a wall shall be bonded into and built as part of that wall. (c) Except for window- paneled back's and permissible cha;sa and walls. shs,ll not vary in thickness between their lateral supports, When a change in thi.cttnnessp due to minim= thickness requirementap occurs between floor leveled the greater thickness shall be carried up to the h$. er,flobr;livel. (d) Isolated piers or posts on the interior of.buildings shall not be built of stone. The unsupported height of pier@ shall not exceed 10 times their least dimension.- Hollow masonry u.nita shall not be used for isolated piers to qupport beams and girders unless solidly filled with concrete or ape A mortar in which case the allowable] load may be increased '25 per cent. (e) Door and window opening@ in walla shall be spanned by well buttressed arches,, or by lintels having bearings proportioned to their loads but not leas than four inches. (f) No masonry, except for interior partitiondp stall be supported on we6don girders or other form of good construction. (g) No timber other than nailing blocks no exceeding 2 x 4 x 8 inches in siZep shall bb placed in masonry walls- except that in buildings of ordinary con- structionp timber lintels may be placed over openirgap on the inside of the wall, o�3e • • resting at each'end not more than two inches on the wall, and chamfered or cut to serve as centers for masonry ar°chess and with the further exception that timber members-used for decorative purposes may be set against the maeonry9 or may be set into the masonry where the wall exceeds 8 inches in thickness. (h) During erection, walls shall be adequately braced and archea temporarily etipported. 2. Mortar. (a) Mortar used in masonry construction shall be proportioned in accordance With the following table. MORTAR PROPORTIONS • Proportions by Volume Mortar ryrpe Cement. Hydrated Lima Aggregate o measured or Lima Putter in a damp and loose candit#,on A 1 (Portland) 0 to 1/4 Not over 3 part* B l (Portland) 1 to 1 iA Ov�•1° ..5 r t;� B 1 (Masonry j�rpe II *) 0 Not over 3 parts C 1 (Portland) 2 to 2. 1/2 Not over 9 ports C 1 (Masonry Type 1 *) 0 Not over 3 parts D 0 .to_ 1/2 (Portland) 1 to 1 1/4 Not over 3 parts �+ As defined in Federal Specification SS -0-181 b., Masonz7 Cement i(b) Type of mortar requiredo Masonry shall be laid in Type As, Type B or type C mortar, except as follows-, Type A mortar shall be used in foundation walls of hollow masonry units.,- and in nominal 10 -inch cavity walls. Type A or Type B mortar shall, be used in footings. foundation walls of solid masonry units, isolated piers,, load bearing or exterior walls'of hollow masonry units., hollow walls and cavity w #lls exceeding 10 -inch nominal thickness. Type D mortar may be used in solid masonry wallas, other than parapet walls or rubble stone walls, not in contact with the roil and not less than 12 inches thick nor more than 35 feet in height; provided the walls are laterally supported at intervals not exceeding 12 tines the wall thickness. Gypsum partition tile and block shall be laid in gypsum mortar. Non- 02}x® • • bearing partitions and fireproofing of structural clay tile may be laid in gypsum mortar. Fire brick shall be laid in fire clay mortar. 3. Solid masonry wallss except stone walls. (a). Thickness of Bearing Walls. (I) Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (2) to (6) below, the minimum thickness of solid masonry bearing walls other than fire walls and party wall's shall be not less than 12 inches for the uppermost 35 feet of their height, and shall be increased 4 inches for each successive 35 feet or fraction thereof measured downward from the top of the wall. (2). Where eolid masonz7 bearing walls are stiffened at distances not • greater than 12 feet apart by cross wal:lss or by internal or external offsets or returns at least 2 feet deep, or 12 feet verticalV by reinforced concrete floors or roofs they may be 12 inches thick for the uppermost 70 feet, measured downward from the top of the wall., and shall be increased 4 inches in thickness for each successive 70 feet or fraction thereof. (3) Outside 'Fire Zone No. I in res idtmtial buildings not more than three stories in heights se,lid masonry bearing walls may be 8 inches thick when not over 35 feet in height. (4) Outside Fire Limit Area or Zone No, 1, solid masonry bearing walls of business buildings not more than one story high, and not,over 22 feet in heights may be 8 inches thick, provided they are reinforced at intervals not exceeding 16 feet, by 12 inch by 16 inch reinforced concrete or brick piers or pilasters. (5) Outside Fire Zone No. 1, solid masonry bearing walls 8 inches thick, may be used for buildings not exceeding 30 feet nor two stories in height, the walls of which, under this ordinances could be of wood frame construction; provided they do not exceed 50 feet in length between cross walls, piers, or buttresses. (6) Solid masonry bearing walls above roof level, 12 feet or less in height, enclosing penthouses.or roof - structures may be 8 inches thick and may be considered as neither increasing the height nor requiring any increase in the thickness of the wall below, provided the requirements for allowable stresses are met. (b) Thickness of Non - bearing Exterior Walls. Outside Fire Limit Area or • Zone No. 1, thickness of non- bearing exterior walls, except fire walls and party -25- I • walls, shall be not less than 8 inches for the uppermost 22 feet., and shall increase 4 inches in thickness for each successive 35 feet, or fraction thereof, measured downward from the top of the wall. (c) Lateral Support. Solid masonry walls shall be supported at right angles to the wall face at intervals not exceeding 20 times the nominal wall thick - ness if laid in Type A9 B or C mortar., and not exceeding 12 times the nominal wall thickness if laid in Type D mortar. Such lateral support shall conform to subseetVa 10 of this section. (d) Bond. The facing and backLag of solid masonz-nf bearing walls shall be bonded so that not less than 4 per cent, of the wall surface is composed of full length • headers. 'The distance between adjacent full length headers shall not exceed 24 inches either vertically or horizontally. In solid brick walls more than 12 inches thick the inner joints of header courses shall be ccvered with another header course which shall break joints with the course below. The facing and backing of solid masonry- non- bearing walls shall be bonded as requzred abovo for bearing walls or shall be bonded w4th corrosion - resistant metal t•.ies .,paced ncc� :far•the apart than 16 arches vertically. and 24 inches horizontally. (e) Other Requirements. (1) Under-.burned clay bricks shall not be used in any part of a building or structure where exposed to the Heather, not in isolated piers➢ not in such part of a bearing wall above which the wall exta.nds more than 40 feet. (2) Clay or shale brick laid in Z�pe A or Type B mortar shall be wet mediate V before being laid, except that very hard or vitrified brick need not be wetted. With mortar. (3) Horizontal and vertical joints in brick masonry shall be filled (4) Except in dwellings interic;r bearing walls that are lees than 12 inches in thickness and support wooden floor or roof joists., shall be corbeled not less than 3 inches to receive such joists., wtless approved metal joists hangers are used. (f) Where a building not exceeding; 1500 square feet in area and located not lees than 10 feet from an adjoining lot line, faces on two streets, tie pier or =26= Wition walls of such building designed to carry the roof load may be constructed with walls of solid masonry not lose, than B inches in thickness, provided, however, that no such building shall exceed a total height of more than 16 feet and the same shall be constructed with 12 inch bar 16 inch reinforced concrete or brick piers or pilasters not more than 16 feet -apart. f 4- Stone-WA-1150 ' (a) Thickness. (1) .The minim= thickness of walls of stone ashlar shall be not less than ghat required for solid masonry.walls in subsection 3 of this section. (2) Rubble stone walla shall be 4 inches thicker than is required for solid �onry walls in-subsection-3 of this section, but shall not be less than 16 inches thick9 and shall no - =aed-t� @-feet zn hatghte ' (b) Lateral support, Stone walls shall conform to the requirements for lateral support of other solid masgnry walls in subaection 3 of this section. (c) Bond. fl) In ashlar masonry, bond stones uniformly distributed shall be provided to the extent of not less-than 10 per cent of the area and having not less than 4 inches of bond into-the backing' masonry- (2) Rubble stone masonry 24 inches or less in thickness shall have bond stones with a maximum spacipg.of 3 feet vertically and horizontally, and if the masonry is of greater thickness than 24. inches shall have one bond stone for each 6 square feet of tal surface on both sides and., no header stone shall be less than 12 inches long.measured at right angles to the face of the masonry. (d) Natural Beds. All stones showing pronounced cleavage shall be laid on their natural bed, except for cornices and other projecting members which shall have the grain or bedding planes vertical and at right angles to the fads of the masonry. 5. malls of Hollow masonry, units. (a) Thickness and height. (1) The )ftinim= thickness of walls of hollow masonry units shall be not less than that required for solid masonry walls in subset :tion 3 of this section. (2) Walls of hollow masonry units shall not exceed 50 feet in height. • (b) Lateral supports Walls of hollow masonry, inzits shall be supported at right —27— &eq,-.to the wall face at- intervalp,not ,exceeding 18•- times the nominal wall t:thic,finessth Such lateral support: shall conform to.subs,ection• 10;of -this section; 1 '.::at n; b,, � (c) Bond, GL c;C. tr,. -(1) Hollow maso�ry,Iu_zits shall �haysrfull,pq:ttar coverage of, t:he.iface;-shells n : both,the- horizontal and vertical joints. (2) Where two or more hollow units are used to make up the thickness of a wall, the - -inner and -outer courses shall be bonded at vertical intervals9 not exceeding 3 feet, by lapping -at least 4 inches_ over , the - 'unit below or by lapping with -iin ts, at.:lsast 50 greater,in thicnness thgn the unit below at vertical intervals not exceed�.n 17 inches. .. 4 - ovired f'c• to Feick .facing, or include -veneer ng)'; wheu,�usedl­ink. hol•lo«r. block .walls shall be -bonded, to the backing in accordance with paragraph (d) of subsection 3 of this section. (4) Where - walls of - hollow mq�sonsy -units are--decreased in thickns'ss, a course of solid masonry shall be interposed between the wall below and the thinner wall above, or the hollow ;`units In the top ::oia.rsc of the thicker wall shall be filled. s6lidly., with mortar or masonry. _ ; � '� it �•,� Searing. Ia walls and piers of hollow masonry units , suitable provision shall be made for proper be4ri4g at the .ends of all beams 'and at points of.-load concentrtat :on. bo: _ Cavity walls and hollow walls. F9.sonrY i o .(a . -Height: and,- thi.cknesso �s (1) Cavity vralls and -hollow T�RaZls .ptWll1 not :exceed,r-35,'feet AM he ghto ^e- ,Cavi ;ty wal- q;gtexclusive of the cavitys•and hollow galls shall be not less in thickness than required for solid•,masonry galls in subsection 3 of ­this -sec ti- on.I -i r .r. :`'" ?aid -r Li"�wr (2). Ai 4cavity.,wal -l-s,- neither the-f:4cing,nor,,backing- sha]L;be rless �than,.3 ;,3/4 inchesy,in..nominal, thickness ar►d the cavity shall ,be ;not Mess,,than• 2- inches, nor more than 3 inches- i i width, , (b)1 Lateral : support. -,•,Cavity wails shall be supported at right angles to the wall face at intervals not, exceeding 14- times, -• and,•hp -119w walls, atv ,intervalsr•not,%•excdeding�,16 -times {the nominal wall• this neap. Such laterals suppor - „sha]:1, conform, to :subsec.tion 10 of this section.. _ , ,= �_s �,ai, rr.t ” 7 ra' -7t (C) • Bond. ® (l) In hollow walls the parts of same shall be connected by bonds of bricks stone or the material of the wall., placed not more than 24 inches apart in either direction but the parts shall not be deemed to act together in the support of loads unless such bonds are of a size and design to fully develop the strength of either part. (2) *In cavity walls the facing and backing shall -be securely tied together with suitable bonding ties of adequate strength. A 3/16 inch diameter steel rod or metal tie of equivalent stiffness coated with a moncorroding metal or other approved protective coating shall be used-for each 3 square feet of wall surfaced Where hollow masonry units are laid with the cells verticals rectangular ties shall be used in other walls the ends of ties shall be bent to 90 degree angles to provide hooks not less than 2 inches longo Wshall be embedded in horizont _ shall joints of facing and backing. Additional bounding ties shall be provided in all openings., spaced not more than 3 feet apart around the peri- meter and within 12 inches of the opening. Cavity walls of plain concrete shall be re=- inforced as provided for solid walls of plain concrete in subsection 9 of this sectiGn. (d) Bearing. (1) In hollow walls or cavity walls suitable provisions shall be mein at each line of floor beoms and wherever load concentrations occurs to inoure proper bearing. (2) When cavitiy' wa�.ls or hollgx• v�a11e9. in Which the cell., of hollow units are laid verticals arg doe reased in thickness, the unite in the top course of the thicker wall shall be filled poltdV 'With mortar or masonry or the exposed openings in such top course shall be covered with slabs of hard burned tile or concrete at least one inch in Soknese or the openings May be,stopped in sons other approved manner. {e} Drainage. In cavity walls the cavity shall be kept clear of mortar droppings durin8 construction-.: Approved flashing shall be installed and a. deqdate drainage provided to keep •datpnees avW from the backingo t 7. Faced vtllao (a) X.ateriAl.' Mater3Ala used for facing shall be not jobs than 2 inches thick.,' and in no case loop its thickness than 1/8 the height of the iOii. (b) Allovabl.G /P.�MsOso Where bonded to the backing prescribed beloWS the A: full cross aectiom.a�, tog lacing and the .backing may be conaidered in computtng the stresses. :`�v' •. (c) Thick1le Faded Malls Oall by not lose in thickne8d than is required for i &nry walls of either of the des farming the facing and the backingo ffhere bonded .to the backing as prescribed below, the facing may be considered a part of the wall thickneeso (d) Bond (1), Brick facing shall be bonded to the backing as prescribed for solid masonry walls in subsection 3 (d) of this section, (2) Ashlar facing of either,.natural or cast stone shall have at least 20 per cent of the superficial area extending npt less than 4 inches into the backing to form bond stones, which shall be uniform distributed throughout the wall, (3) When walls of hollow masonry units are faced with hollow units, the faciri6 units shall be bonded to the backing as required for walls of hollow masonry units subsection 5 (c) of this sectiono 4 8, Attachment of stone facing, Every projecting stone, and, except when alternate courses are full bond courses,,every stone not a bond stone shall be securely anchored to the backing with corrosion resistant metal anchors with a cross section of not less than 0,2 square inch. There shall-be at least 1 anchor to each stone and not less than 2 anchors for each stone more than 2 feet in length and 3 sq4are feet in superficial area, Facing stones not over 12 square feet in area shall have'at least 1 anchor to each 4 square feet of superficial face ,area. 9. Solid walls of plain concrete, (a) Thickaesso The minimum, thickness of walls of plain concrete may be 2 inches less than that required for solid masonry walls, but not less than 8 inches, except that Wchwalls maq, be used where specifically permitted by subsection 3 (a) (3) of this section.' (b) Lateral support, Solid walls of plain concrete shall be supported at right angles to the_p+all face at intervals not exceeding 20 times the nominal wall thickness, Such lateral support shall conform 'to subsection 10 of this sectiono (c) Reinforcement around openings. Reinforcement symetrically disposed in the thickness of the wall shall, be placed not less than 1 inch above and 2 inches below openings and extend not lese than 24 inches�.each side of such openings or be of equivalent length with hooks, The reinforcement both above and below shall consist of one 5/8 inch round rod for each 6 incites 10 wail thickness or fraction thereof. 10. Lateral support. The lateral support required by subsections 3, 4, 5, 6 and 9 _30- • or horizontal- It may be obtained by c ross of this section shall be either vsrt�l- Y walls piers s or buttress ®s 9 Fh9 � th ..l _distance is m6sOured hori ti i�lly'9 Rr wa s p Suff4ciant by floors and roofs when the tiny diet�t�ca is measured verticgllyo bonding or anchorage shall be pro*ide b ®! the �s and the supportgo rAsist the assumed wind foI°ces acting eit40.�..erd or outward- Piers or buttresses 2°elied support shall have: stigS'ioleAt strength and stabili4 to ttranafer th® upon for lateral . wed -farces acting zn either directiOn t'q the ground, When walls are depandent upon -the floors ar :roofs for their lateral supports provisions shah►. be MAde in..the building to transfer the lateral forces to the groundo SECTION 22o. Reinforced Concretoo a Average concrete for reinforced concrete shall co,-Ys Est of 1 part pr-a: um® measured d land cement and not more than 6 parts aggregates by vol and not more of cement.- The agg.r °elate shall be . than 7j gallons of vate�° per sack91 94 P -ands s an a z axim�� to ratio, of 2j parts tide aggregate and 31 parta coarse aggrega a - mixed in PP SECTION 23t lls and Party Wa119 o io Corstj,uctjono (a) Fire walls and party wails of.masonry shall be laid in Type A or ?no i3 mortaro (b) Fire,walle and party walls shall �e constructed of solid masonry units or of hollow masonry units faced pn eech side with bricks or of reinforced concreted (c) Where structural members project into hollow maso units the lowspace shall be filled with noncombustible- material the full thickness of the hollow w4�11 and 4 inches or more abovea between the below such members, 2, Thickness of solid iriagon r walls except panel wallso (a) Por business buildi.Eigb and storage buildings fire walla d party walls of solid m�►eo? units shall be i16t less than 16 inches thick for therupP E rmos t 50 feet and increase 4 manes in thic)MgVs for each additional 35 feet or fraction thereof m8aaured ;dowri*8rd' from the top of the wall- except that where the walls e" nohm bearing or where beams or are supported on the wall by approved meta hangers and Oo riot Enter. the Wall the minimum thickness may be 36 inches for the uppermost 70 feet- ::,. , . (b) For other b-dildizgs9 fire walls and party -walls of solid masonry units shall be-not less than 12 inches thick for the'-uppermost 35 feet and incrt4se 4 inches in thickness for each additional 35 feet or fraction thereof measured do and from the top of the wall. 3. Thickness of brick -feeed hollow"ma$onry walls. Fire walls and party gi%A8 of hollow masonry units faced on each side with at -least 4 inches of brick shall haae a total thickness including the facih# that less than 4 inches greater than specie its subsection 2 above for solid mdeonry wa11e. 4. Thickness of reinforced cohe" to walls except panel wails. (a) For business buildingg and storage buildings9 fire walls and, par le of reinforced concrete shall be not lese'than 11 inches thick for the upper- most 35 feet and increase 2 inches in thickhe8'® for each successive 35 feet or frac4m thereof measured downward from the top of the wall. 5. Exception to thickness requireiheA is for panel walls. Where fire walls or party walls are constructed as panel walls in a, framework of columns and girders protected as required for fireproof construction and no panel has a height between supports greater than 12-feet9 they may be of solid masonry, not less than 12- inches thick or of reinforced concrete not less than 8 inches thick,, 6. To be carried to or above the roof. Fire walls and party walls ghall extend at least 3 feet above the roof; except where the roof is of fireproof of semi- fireproof construction in which case the fire walls and party walls shall be carried • tightly against the underside of the roof slabs. 7o Si %e and protection of openings. (a) Except in sprinklered buildings, no opening in a fire wall shall exceed 120 square feet in area with no dimension greater than 12 feet, and the aggregate width of all openings at any level shall not exceed 25 per cent of the length of the wail, (b) Every opening in a required fire wall shall be protected on each side of the wall with an approved automatic or self- closing fire door; provided that when a fire wall serves also as a horizontal exit it shall have no openings other than door openings not exceeding 48 square feet in area., and one of the fire doors at each openings shall be a s elf - closing fire door. • SECTION 248 ParaBe is . (a) accept as listed below., parapets shall be provided on all fire walla., —324 .a Wty walls, and exterior walls of masonry, or reinforced concrete. Parts are-hot required on-. (1) walls connecting with roofs of fireproof construction or semifireproof construction; (2) A wall of a building the roof of which is'at least three feet lower than the roof of, or any opening in, an adjacent. building wallo' (3) Walls faoirtg.on a street having a width of 30 feet or more; (4) walls of k tiii�digg which is 30 feet or more distant in all directions from property lines and• f*o, other buildings on the same 'property; (5) Walls of 8 building which is 30 feet or more distant in all directions Akpm property lines but lees than 30 feet distant to one or more buildings on the same property, where the total area of the buildings within 30 feet of each other does not Wcoeed 12 times the allowable . area for az* one : of the buildings considered; (6) Malls of a detached dvr ?lling, or,'of a building riot.exceeding 1.,000 square feet in area; (7) Walls of a building where the roof has'an angle of more than 20o with the (b) In dwellings add' in buildings. in' which 8 "Uch w4le are permitted9 such parapets cl Ua .riot less than 8 inches thick and carried at least two feet above the roof, - (c.) xh all other buildings such parapets shall be not less than 12 inches thick, Grid carried not less than 3 feet above the roofo (d) parapets shall be properly coped with noncombustible, weatherproof material. ,jad flashed with the flashing extending through'the parapet Wall under the coping, All cattea a of all parapet wails shall be reinforced with at least one J inch round bAr ifi Mij. ' third joint$ continuous around the corner and extending into the masonry A at bMst 3 feet from the cgrnero MTION 2�$ Fire partitions. to Conotruction, (6) Fire partitions shall have fire resistance ratings of at least two houttao: They sna].l, be Oo'n ®tructeo of agaeonr7 or reiA!'orRad cbnor$#R, or other approved farm of constructibft Of jh6ncombueti • (b) Fire partitions slLaZl be supported in each story on construction Wi4 a fire resistance rating of not lees than 2 hours; provided that when they also are. load bearing., the supporting construction shall have a fire resistance ratiAg'of not less than 4 hours in case the building 's of - fireproof construction or semifireproof construction, and not less than 3 hours in cane of other construction, (c) The maximum unsupported.height of a fire partition shall not exceed is times its total thickness unless suitably reinforced and anchored at floor and ceiling or unless substantially secured to vertical supports at intervals of not over 18 titles the thickness. (d) Fire partitions shall be deemed continuous, even though the several parts e not directly over one another in successive stories if the intervening parts of the floors at the levels where offsets occur,- are "'unpierced and of fireproof construction or oemifireproof constructiop and all parts not supported directly on the foundations are carried on fireproof cbnstructioho 2, Openings, (a) Required fire partitions shall have no openings other than required door openingeb or properly protected 'duct openings. M Each opening It= a required fire partition shall be equipped with an approved .'ire door bet in an approved 'dgor frame, k (o) Each spa a fire partition serving as a horizontal exit shall be protected by ah approval self closing fire door'o • SECTION 968 Protection.of Exterior. . sulwe w,.. . .ate Every building, except 47allings, churcheA, buildings of wood frame 00hatruction and of unprotected metal consttuction., and open nit jArking garages shhli 6V# approved fire windows or' of ur approved protectives, in eve* opening in the extetid 'wallo when such opening faaei ; stroat ihd is" lose than 30 f4st from the opposite building line, - or when such open,. $s logo than 30 feet distant in a direct unobstructed lute from an opening in angiier builling9 or when such opening is above and act more thdn 30 feet distant from my pOt of a neighboring roof of combustible construction, or any roof having opening® pi�ib thia a'Unce9 provided that such protection shall not be required for 'show wihdo s f$600 ot a si,#eet which- do not extend above the first full story above �ade; and ptrovid04 ftrther thdt suoh protection shall not be required when the opening ©31tb be protected and the opening against which it is.to be protected are situated?91 walls in the same plane or in parallel planes and are faking in the same dir®cti=. SECTION 27 o Shaf is o 1. Protection required. (a) Every series of openings above one another in two or more successive floors, or floors and roof, hereafter placed or conetructed in a building or hereafter enlarged or altered to change the use of the shaft, aMll be so protected as to prevent fire in any story from communicating to arq other stoi'pp provided that in buildings of heavy timber construction there shall be no floor opening that is not protected as prescribed in this section or in some other approved manner. • (b) 'The provisions of this section shall apply to all shafts used for ven- tilation, light, elevator, pipes, or other purposes, except stairways, air ducts, in- cinerator chute89 flues, shafts in buildings of wood frame construction, shafts in dwellings, and ramps in garages exempted by section 34-6, 2. Shaft enclosures. The enclosing walls of shafts in residence buildings of ordinary construction or noncombustible construction or unprotected metal construction shall have a fire resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. The enclosing walls of shafts in other buildings shall be of noncombustible construction having a fire resist- ance rating of not legs than 2 hours. 3. Openings. Shaft enclosures shall have no openings other than those necessal for the purpose of the shaft; provided that in' elevator shafts there shall be at least Oe door in every 30 feet of the height of such shaft. Such openings shall be protected with approved fare doorss approved fire shutters or approved fire windows. 4. Enclosure at top. (a) Shan't enclosures extending through the roof which are to be enclosed at the top, shall be provided with a skylight of at lea€it 10 per cent of the area of .the shaft In the top story and glazed with plain glass 1/8 inch in thickness; provided that the 'skylight mV be replaced by a window of plain glass of equivalent area in the sfds' of the shaft if the Bill of such window is not less than.2 feet above the roof and the window does not tace.a lot line within 10 feet,, or may be replaced by approved means of ventilation. (b) A`ehah that does not extend through the roof shall have the top enclosed -35- Oth a form of construction - having a fire resistance rating equal to that of the wa118 of the shaft. 5. Enclosure at bottom* A shaft that does not extend to the bott(M of the building shall be enclosed at its lowest point with a floor construction of the Ahe type as that required for the Iowget floor to or through which it'passes, but s4 W&ft' f1w construction shall have a fire resistance eating of not less than one hour. 6. Elevator machirier�r DQmpBx'td08at. Coinpari trWnts� containi4 machined f fr 4ant elevators shall be separathd fret 09 elevator shafts by noncombustible cb�'IAt '0 ?laving a fire resistance rating 'of not less the 2 house., 'with door openings 9tu3pi8d *ith approved fire doors. 7„ Number of elevators in shaft. Not more than 3 elevators shah b% placed here- after in one shaft. SECTION 28. Roafin (a). Every roof...hereafter placed on a building shall be covered with M gyp oVed roofing of bricks concrete, tile., slate, metals asbestos, prepared asphalt asbestos-fpit,. shingles{ or of built-up roofing finished with asphalt, slag or gravel,: or other approved material. (p} Except where roofing ip of a character permitting attachment direct tb feawwork, it shall be applied to a a41id of closely fitted deck. (c) The use of cork,, fiber-board or other approved insulation is part.tted on top Of "the roof deck provided such in6ul.ation'is covered with an approved type of fine lasistance roof covering applied directly thereto. SECTION 293 S lights. (a) Skylights placed over shafts ., 'vent shafts and stair enclosures shall be glazed with plain glees not more than 1/8 of an inch in thickness. (b) Skylights other than as specified above., which are inclined lees thM boo from the horizontal, hereafter placed on a building shall have the sashes and frames therett constructed of metal and glazed with wired glass; except that skylights in' foundrids or buildings where acid fumed are present mV be of good by special perfidosion of the building official. (c) Every skylight in which plain glass is used shall be protected by a sub- stantial wire screen with wire not lighter than number 12 guage and having a mesh ridt -36- •ss than 3/4 of an inch nor larger than 1 inch, placed not less•`t W1 4 inches nor more than 10 inches above the glazed portion of the sR�Ught at all point to Such screen shall extend beyond 'the glazing on all sides a distance ;iot less t t of this screen above the glazing (d) When a skylight is located over a s%jr4y, public hallway de- "Mace of- assembly, a similar screen shall also be placed below the skylight, unless tAa .,# di .ie an intermediate ceiling.light, SECTION 30s Basement Gei%,o Its buildings except dwjllitagb ' $d onemetoi * tuildingg o'Atsida of the fire limitQ, the ceiling over basements shall be i' 4't dMt ceilings ufil409 such basements are inklered. SECTION 31s Chimne p Flues and Vehteo la Flue connections rejoredo Every - heating apparatus or heet prcdubi.ng appliance requiring a flue connection ihall'be'conaeoted with a flue conforming to tt provisions of this section or of section-•320 This 'shall not include .electric applianc4aj gas appliances, except as speoif'i4ally required in section 32, nay° oil appliances especial]y designed for Ilse without flue connection. 2. Construction,, (a) Chimneys ®hall extend at least 3 feet above the highest point whore they pass through the roof of the building and at least 2 feet higher than any ridge within 10 feet of such chimney. • (b) No ch#Mey shall be corbeled from a wall more than 6 inches.; nor shall; a chimney be corbeled from a wall which ie less than 12 inches in thickness unless it projects equally on Onch side of the wall; provided -that in the second story. of 2 -story dwellings corbel,liie of chimneys on the exterior of t.he enclosing walls may equal the wall thickness. Tn evdry case the corbelltg shall 4ot,,6xceed one inch projection for each course of brick projected. (c) No ehapge is the size or shape of a chiransyb where the chimney passes through the roofs shall: be made within a die•t4kee bf 6 iAoMes above or below the roof ,foists or rafterso 3. Chimneys for he4 tins 4ppliances, l" deist iWkstrical appliances end portable a incinerators. -37- L (a) Chimneys for staves; cooking ranges, tvar% -'air-, hot water and low pressure steam heating furnaces, fireplaces, and low -heat industrial appliances, other than chimneys for incinerators of nonportable type, shall be constructed of solid masonry units or of reinforced concrete. The walls shall be proper- bonded or tied with corrosion resistant metal anchors, In dwellings and buildings of like heating requiro- men is the thickness of the chimney walls shall be not less than 8 inches, except that rubble stone masonry shall be not less than 12 inches thick. (b) Every such chimney hereafter erected or altered shall be lined with a flue lining conforming to the requirements below, (c) Flue linings shall be made of fire clay or other refractory clay which will withstand the action of flue gases and resist without softening or cracking, the C, temperatures to which they will be subjected, but not less than 2.,000 F., or of cast iron of approved quality, form and construction. (d) Required clay flue linings shall be not less than 5/8 of an inch thick for the smaller flues and increasing in thickness for the larger flues. (e) Flue linings shall be installed ahead of the constructions of the ch:mne.y as it is carried up., carefully bedded one on the other in type A. type B or fire clay mortar with close fitting joints left smooth on the inside. (f) Flue linings shall start from a point not less than 8 inches below the intake, or, in the case of fireplaces, from the threat of the fireplace. They shall • extend, as nearly vertically as possible, for the entire height of the chimney and be extended 4 inches above the top of cap of the chimney, (g) Cleanouts for flues or fireplaces shall be ocfaipped with cast iron doors and frames arranged to remain tightly closed wren not in 'use, (h) When two or more flues are contained in the same chimney, at least every third flue shall be separated by masonry at least 4 inches thick bonded into the masonry wall of the chimney, Where flue linings are not sb separated, the joints of adjacent flue linings shall be staggered;.at least 7 inches. 4. Usp of flues. Chimneys or flues installed for the ise of gas appliances but which are not suitable for solid or liquid fuels, shall be plainly ahci permanently labeled IrTHIS FLUES IS FOR THE USE 01' GAS BURNING APPLIANCES ONLY." The label shall be attached • at a point near where the vent pipe enters the chimney, or with a type B gas vent used I" 0 C in place of a chirnnay, at a point near where the tMm B gas vent enters a wall, floor or ceiling. SECTION 32e Flues and Vents -for Gas Appli4pceso P 10 Flue connections required. En ryy gas appliance shall, be connected to an effectiVg flue extending to the outer air and conforming to the provisions of subsection 2 of this section., if it is included.in any of the following classifications, provided that such connections 'shah, not be required for industrial appliances of such size or character that the absence of 9 connection does not constitute a hazard to the occupants. (a) Domestic appliances with input rating in excess of 50:,000 BTU per hour, except domestic gas rongee. ® (b) Automatically controlled appliances with input rating in excess of 5,000 Irm per hour- except automatic instantaneous water heaters of the single faucet type, There the single faucet is attached to and made a pait of the appliances (c) Automatically controlled appliances -with input-rating less than 5,000 BTU per hour, unless equipped.vith an automatic device to prevent the escape of unburned gas at the main burner or burners. 'The tam "automatically controlled appliances" used in paragraphs (b) and (c) refers to appliances, to which the $ae supply is automatically turned on and off in 'accordAnde tivith. the demand for heota' but dose not include appliances equipped with devices or coptrole governing the gygp],y �f gas to the mairi.burtlor�or burners which oanriot automatically reduce the geet1pp]y below 30 per cent, of the Input rating. (d) Appliances jAstalled in-the same room9'which if not vented would make the total input r t of fated gas &ppllanccss not inelitA ing domestic gas rangee, as Neat ae 30 M4 par hojO pQr cubic foot of rgom content.. (�) Water keitere in4talled its bathrooms, bedroome, or any occupied, room normally kept cloyed, W Spada h6wWre in sleepU4 0ortere for tueb of t pieutp.. (g) All houea .heating steam and hot water, boildAi Did qarm,air furnaces including floor furnace®. 2. 2�pee 'of f1ube. .(a) 'Type A flues a Cbimhqv or .metal ss antdd p Too A fluee are required • fore (1) '411 iacirieratortj (2) 411 oppliances wid6k. ' U 't6nv+erUd fiadil# to tba u use of solid or liquid fuel; (3) all boilers and furnaces., other than attic furnaces; except where specific approval is obtained from the building official for the use of Type B gas vents; (4) all other appliances except approved appliances which produce flue gas temperatures not in excess of 550 F. at the outlet of the draft hood when furring gas at the manufactuere's input rating. (b) Type B gas vents: Approved vent piping of noncombustible; corrosion- resistant material of adquate strength and heat insulating value g an. ha v 4 r. - L ;e l' spigot or other acceptable joints. Type B gas vents shall be •mst� d oni•.- w­,­ •:;r gas appliances which are not required by paragraph (a) a :cue �,, b ? ;.:'r... . flues, except that they may be used when extended through- an ex -J.s tire* • whether the chimney- is lines or not lies. (c) Type 0 gas vents: Vent pipes of sheet copper of not less than 24 U. S. gauge or of galvanized iron of not less than 20 U. S. gauge or of other approved corrosion - resistant materials may be used for runs directly frame the space in which the applianr:F is located through. a roof or exterior wall to the outer. air, Such vent pipes small not pass through any attic or concealed s oaU4 n.or ':i _ ^ _;h wiy shall not be construed as prohibiting the use of such vent pipes to vent attic furnaces installed in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance. Installation with reference to clearance from combustible material and passage through wall or roof shall comply with-the-provisions of subsection 4 of this section. IS 3. Installation of type B gas vents. (a) Type B gas vents shall be made up with tight joints. (b) Type B gas vents shall be installed with a clearance to combustible meterial or construction whether plastered or unplastered, of not less than one inch, provided that for vents of floor furnaces such clearance shall be not less than 3 inches for a distance of not less than 3 feet from -the outlet of the draft hood., measured along the center line of the vent piping. (c) Suitable provisions shall be made to prevent mechanical injury to type B gas vents where they extend through walls, floors or roofs. (d) Type B gas vents shall not be used with solid or liquid fuel burning appliances. • 4. Installation of gas vents other than type B. -40- • • M (a) Gas appliance vent piping other than approved type B gas vents shall not pass through any attic or concealed space nor through any combustible floors and shall not pass through any combustible roof except as specified in subsection 2(c). Where passing through combustible roofs in accordance with subsection 2(c) they shall be guarded at the point of passage as specified for passage through combustible walls or partitions in paragraph (b) below. Vert piping may extend through any existing chimney whether the chimney is limed or riot. (b) Gas appliance vent piping other than, a pprcvca� L LXT.:. pass through combustible walls or partitions unl e.:r� -.hi y passage (1) by metal ventilated thimbles not lr"f;s than 6 ia,hes larger -it7. d:i.a_met�:- +.,.. the pipe, or (2) by metal thimbles not lass than 4 inches larger in diameter than the pipe filled with mineral wool. or other approved noncombustible ..,.. e with ,.. the annular space . pace . _ .. - insulating material; or in lieu of such protection all combustible material in the wall or partition shall be cut away front the vt-nt pipe a sufficient distance to provide the clearance required TY.m such vent pipe to, combusti"L, Ie 7eia": er tai - :i^_y material U.52d to close "tip such op ini.ng shall be r2on.`oi!ibllitiule. (c) Clearances from combustible material to gas appliance vent piping other than approved type B gas vents, shall be in accordance with standard practice for safe installation and use as required by section 29. 5. Flue mortar. All flue mortar for flues or vent pipes from gas - burning appliances shall be acid resisting. 6. Draft hoods. Every flue connected appliance except an incinerator9 unless its construction serves the same purpose, shall be equipped with an effective draft hood with either (1) has been approved as part of the appliance or (2) complies with nationally recognized standards for draft hoods. The draft hood shall be attached to the flue collar of the appli L' or burners. Where a gas appliance vent pipe is joined with a smoke pipe from an appliance burning some other type of fuel, for connection into a single flue opening, they shall be joined by a Y fitting located as close as practicable to the chimney. With liquified petroleum gases the automatic device to prevent the escape of unburned gas shall shut off the pilot light as well as the main burner or burners. SECTION 33: Heat Producing Applicanes, Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning, Blower and Exhaust Systems. 1. Installation Standards. Heat producing appliance: and systems (includi- ile incinerators) hereafter installed shall be ins`�aI'!.eci ?.r_ ac';corr,An e with stare',".-rd practices for safe installation and -ase without danger of overheating combustible mazert ;! • or construction. Ventilating, air condditic.ning, blower and exhaust systems hereafter installed shall be installed in accordancE with standard practices for safe installation and use with all features presenting a pess:ibility of starting or Spreading a .fire safeguarded to a reasonable degree. 2. Boi' er and F z-nace (a) Heatinc boiler and f-iA7`F ago ri.onis r .� �. =.a. _ ['ia: ,•7 . { .,. ...:t.. f a.`. buildings, places of assembly, hotels9 and multifamily houses shall be separated from other parts of the building by construction having a fire resistance of not less than one' hour. (b) Boiler rooms housing one or more steam boilers carrying more than 15 • pounds pressure with a rating of more than 10 boiler horsepower, in other than factories, shall be separated from the rest of the building by noncombustible construction having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hour.-s, with door openings protected by approved fire doors. SECTION 34: Garages, 1. Garages combined with other occupancies. No garage shall be attached to or form a part of a building of other occupancy except as provided in this section. 2. Garages not exceeding 1500 square feet in area. (a) A garage not exceeding 1500 square feet in area may be attached to or forma part of a residence building or a business building if separated from other occupancies by walls, partitions and ceilings of materials to restrict the passage • of gases, smoke and odor from the garage to other parts of the building. -42- • • (b) Openings from the building into garage shall be restricted to a single doorway; such opening shall be provided with a metal, metal covered or solid wooden door of not less than 1 3/4 inches nominal thickness equipped with an approved self - closing device. 3. Garages not exceeding 3,000 square feet in area. A garage not exceeding 3,000 square feet in area may be attached to or form a part of any building provided separation from other occupancies shall be by walls and floor and ceiling constructions of at least one -hour fire resistances and with all connecting openings provided with self - closing fire doors. Floors shall be without pits or depressions. • 4. Garages exceeding 3x000 square feet in area. (a) A garage exceeding 3.,000 square feet in area may be located within or attached to a building occupied for any other purpose provided it is separated from such other occupancy by masonry walls having a fire resistance rating of not less than 3 hours and by floors and ceilings of fireproof construct -on or semifireproof construction. (b) Walls, floors and ceilings which effect such 5c- .�_,ti:_,_ ,.,cId, shall be continuous and unpierced by openings of any kind; provided that door openings equipped with self- closing fire doors leading to salesrooms or offices that are operated in connection with such garages shall not be prohibited; and provided also that the use of elevators and stairways to other stories accessible only by vestibules or balconies, • constructed and arranged as required for fire towers, shall be permitted. N 5. Truck loading or unloading area. A truck loading or unloading area within a building occupied as a store shall be separated from other parts of the building by' construction having a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour, and any load bearing part of the building within the loading area shall also have a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour. 6. Ramps. Ramps connecting floors of garages, which are not considered as required exit ways under section 14, need not be enclosed in sprinklered garages, nor in open air parking garages. 7. Floors. Garage floors of other than earth construction which drain to sewers or storm drains shall be provided with an oil separator or trap. Where floor areas are • extensive, a series of such drains shall be provided. The contents of oil separators -43- or traps shall be collected at frequent intervals and removed from the premises. Floors in repair sections shall be concrete or other materials that may be readily cleaned.- SECTION 35: Disposal of Waste During Construction Operations. Taste material and rubbish shall not be stored nor allowed to accumulate within the building or in the immediate vicinity, but shall be removed from the premises as rapidly as practicable. Combustible waste and rubbish shall be removed at least daily. No material shall be disposed of by burning on the premises or in the immediate vicinity. Dry material or rubbish shall be wetted dawn; if necessary, to lay dust or prevent being blown about. SECTION 36: Elevators, Moving Stairways and Amusement Devices. '(a) Elevators, moving stairways and amusement devices, hereafter erected, or installed, or hereafter altered shall be constructed, installed and maintained in accordance with rules duly promulgated by the building official. (b) It shall be unlawful for the owner to operate or permit the operation or use of a passenger elevator, freight elevator,, rs.r-ring stairway or amusement device hereafter installed or constructed, until a certificate shall have been obtained from the building official. (c) The building official shall make or cause to be made an inspection of every - passenger elevator at-least once in every three months, and of every freight elevator, moving stairway and every amusement device at least once in every six months. SECTION 37: Sprinkler Equipments. 1. Sprinklers required. In buildings hereafter erected, or altered to increase the area or height, approved automatic sprinkler equipments shall be installed and maintained as specified in the following paragraphs. The areas specified shall be the area enclosed by exterior walls or fire walls or a combination thereof, except that in buildings of fireproof construction or semifireproof construction the area shall be that enclosed by exterior walls, fire walls or fire partitions or a combination thereof. (a) Buildings over 2 stories in height used for the manufacture, sale or storage of combustible goods or merchandise (not including garages) and exceeding in area 10;000 square feet when of fireproof construction or sem if ireproof construction. (b) Buildings over 2 stories in height used for the manufacture, sale or -44- ,I 1I u 0 ;i i storage-,6f-combustible goods or merchandise (not including garages) and exceeding in--area-`7 500 -square- ­f e-et --when- --of types of construction other than fireproof con- struction and semifireproof construction. (c) Buildings exceeding 2 stories in height or in excess of 2,000 square feet in area on any floor above the first or ground floor, hereafter erected or altered, so that suitable access, as defined below, to each story above the basement is not provided on at least one side of the building. Suitable access shall be deemed as requiring a usable opening through the wall at each story at least 32 inches wide, 38 inches high and with the sill not more than 32 inches above the floor; the openings shall be-so spaced that there will be one opening for each 50 feet of frontage. (d) Garages exceeding 6 stories in height. (e) Garages for storage of loaded commercial trucks, exceeding 21000 square _feet in area and of other than fireproof construction. (f) Bus garages exceeding 2 stories in height. (g) Basement garages housing more than 3 motor vehicles. (h) Garages located in buildings in which one or more stories or parts thereof above such garages are occupied for other purposes when such garages have a capacity of 20 or more passenger automobiles, or are used as bus terminals for 3 or more buses, or are used for the storage and loading of 2 or more trucks. (i) Basements having an area exceeding 3500 square feet, when used for the • manufacture, sale or storage of combustible goods or merchandise, except that in public buildings, institutional buildings and residence buildings, the automatic sprinkler equipments will be required only in such portions as are used for storage purposes or as work shops. (j) In buildings occupied as a place of assembly and having a stage arranged for theatrical, operatic or similar purposes, approved automatic sprinkler equipments shall be provided under the roof of the stage, under the gridiron, the rigging loft and fly and tie galleries, under the stage, in dressing rooms, scene docks, work shops and storage rooms. (k) When adequate heat is not provided and in the opinion of the building official the hazard is not severe, such sprinkler system may be replaced by a system having approved automatic sprinklers, but with supply only from a fire department -45- 0 • connection on the building front, or with an approved protective device with fire department connection on the building front, by which water can be applied to or directed at the fire by suitable control equipment from outside the building; there being in each case an approved automatic fire alarm system connected to an outside gong or to the central station of a supervising company. SECTION 38: Repealing Clause. All ordinances or parts of ordinances inconsistent with the terms of this ordinance are hereby repealed; provided, however, that such repeal shall be only to the extent of such inconsistency, and in all other respects this ordinance shall be cumulative of other ordinances regulating and governing the subject matter covered by this ordinance. • SECTION 39: Penalty. Any person who shall violate any provisions of this ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, shall be punished by a fine of not more than Two Hundred Dollars (3200). Each day of the continuance of such violation shall be considered a separate offense; and any person, agent, or employee "engaged in any such violation shall on conviction be so punished therefor. SECTION 40: Savings Clause. If any provision, exception, section, subsection, paragraph, sentence, clause or phrase of this ordinance or the application of same to any person or set of circumstances shall for any reason be held unconstitutional, void or invalid, such invalidity shall not affect the validity of the remaining provisions of this ordinance or their application to other persons or sets of circumstances and to this end, all provisions of this ordinance are declared to be severable. • SECTION 41. Effective Date. This ordinance shall take effect from and after ten (10) days from its passage by the City Council. The City Clerk is hereby directed to give notice hereof causing the caption of this ordinahce to be published in the official newspaper of the City of Baytown at least twice within ten (10) days after the passage of this ordinance. INTRODUCED, READ and PASSED by the affirmative vote of a majority of the City Council of the City of Baytown on the 27th day of August, 1953. ATTEST• • a Oliver, Uity Clerk -46- R. H. Pruett, Mayor